Diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease are major health concerns that are both increasing in prevalence in the United States and around the world. According to recent studies, there may be a possible link between diabetes and an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Insulin resistance may play a significant role in the development of this neurodegenerative condition, because as insulin signaling becomes dysfunctional, the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s – a buildup of beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles, begin to develop. It’s important to understand the connection between diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease so that research can work towards new treatments.
Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Exploration of the interplay between metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders has led scientists to examine the role of insulin resistance and Alzheimer’s disease, and the complexities of a complex metabolic-neurodegenerative connection. One goal of this line of research is to detect and manage insulin resistance as early as possible, thereby reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease for millions of people with diabetes.
Is Alzheimer’s Disease Diabetes Type 3?
In general, Alzheimer’s is classified into two types. Early-onset AD manifests symptoms in the 40’s or 50’s and has a strong genetic link. Symptoms of late-onset AD appear after age 65. It is believed that the underlying etiology of AD involves accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein tangles. A more recent line of thinking involves insulin’s neuroprotective role in the brain, so when it becomes dysregulated it contributes to neuronal destruction and cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Some experts, therefore, consider Alzheimer’s as type 3 diabetes.
Treating Insulin Resistance Might Reduce Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease
While there are a number of pharmaceuticals available to treat diabetes and insulin resistance, other approaches may be very helpful. Nutraceuticals like omega-3 fatty acids, resveratrol, and curcumin have shown promising results in improving insulin sensitivity through their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Dietary approaches, including intermittent fasting and caloric restriction are associated with insulin sensitivity and neuroprotection. Cognitive training, while not directly associated with insulin resistance, can reduce cognitive decline. Modulation of the gut microbiome through the use of pre- and probiotics as well as dietary changes, may also benefit and support the gut-brain axis and its influence on insulin resistance and Alzheimer’s disease.
Final Thoughts on Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease
Two diseases on the rise in the U.S. and around the world, diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease, have recently been directly connected by scientific studies, finding that insulin resistance in particular, can lead to the development of Alzheimer’s, and places people with diabetes at a higher risk of developing the neurodegenerative condition. There is a sense of urgency among researchers to develop newer and better treatments for diabetes and insulin resistance to reduce or eliminate the risk of also developing Alzheimer’s disease, which some experts are now called Diabetes Type 3.