One of the most dreaded groups of diseases, neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Multiple Sclerosis, are increasing in prevalence, and cause years of physical and emotional pain. While there are many prescription drugs for all of these, the side effects sometimes seem to outweigh the benefits. A new alternative with mild to no side effects is greatly needed to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Over the past few years, research on the health benefits of CBD has shown promising results concerning neurodegenerative disorders.
Neurodegeneration Defined
Over the course of time, an insidious process of constant erosion of neurons called neurodegeneration occurs in the central nervous system. It is caused by free radicals or unstable molecules, misfolded proteins, dysfunctional mitochondria, the cell’s main power source, and immune irregularities. CBD has been shown to shield the nervous system from damage, thereby keeping neurons healthy and viable.
Neuroprotective Properties of CBD
Just how does CBD work in managing or reducing symptoms of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or Multiple Sclerosis? The answer lies in its neuroprotective properties on oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and protein misfolding. In general, CBD has a positive impact on the nervous system to the point where it may restore neurological function or slow neurodegenerative decline. CBD also interacts within the endocannabinoid system, which is the great regulator of all bodily systems, and in doing so, calms inflammation, reduces damage caused by oxidative stress and moderates neurotransmitter activity.
Neuroinflammatory Properties of CBD
Beyond the neuroprotective qualities, CBD also possesses powerful anti-inflammatory effects associated with neurodegenerative disorders. How? CBD cools down pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cells that could cause neural damage in the brain. It both protects brain cells as well as slows the destructive neurodegenerative process.
Antioxidant Properties of CBD
Another beneficial property of CBD is its ability to reduce or eliminate oxidative stress. Free radicals make the brain particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage. Because CBD has antioxidant properties, it neutralizes free radicals and protects brain cells from damage, which ultimately preserves cognitive function and health.
Alzheimer’s Disease, CBD and Neurodegeneration
CBD has been shown in preclinical studies to provide neuroprotection, anti-neuroinflammation, and the accumulation of amyloid plaques, one of the biological hallmarks of the disease. In doing so, CBD may ultimately protect cognitive function and slow down the disease process.
Parkinson’s Disease, CBD and Neurodegeneration
Loss of dopamine leads to many of the symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease, including tremor, bradykinesia or a slowing of physical movement, rigidity and postural instability. Although the exact cause of the disease is unknown, experts believe that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play significant roles in its pathogenesis. Studies have shown CBD to protect dopaminergic neurons against neurotoxicity, increase dopamine levels and improve motor function. CBD also regulates neurotransmitter systems, cools down neuroinflammation and reduces oxidative stress.
Multiple Sclerosis, CBD and Neurodegeneration
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks the myelin sheaths that insulate nerve fibers in the central nervous system. Demyelination disrupts the ability of nerve cells to transmit signals, ultimately resulting in symptoms of MS, including muscle spasm, pain, fatigue and cognitive changes. CBD works by calming pro-inflammatory cytokines, regulating the immune response, and activating the brain’s guardian cells, microglia.
Final Thoughts on CBD and Neurodegeneration
As research into CBD’s health benefits continues for neurodegenerative conditions, the closer science comes to understanding exactly how and why CBD works the many ways that it does. While it seems to be a rather complex process, CBD appears to have a set of benefits including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective qualities, all of which are activated both within the endocannabinoid system and central nervous system. As of now, CBD seems to offer promising results for those diagnosed with a neurodegenerative condition, but more research incorporating larger randomized controlled studies are needed.